Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves e Cláudia Feitosa Salém
RESUMO
A ligação entre o consumo de drogas e a perpetração de crimes está hoje bem estabelecida. Porém, torna-se relevante saber que tipo específico de crimes é que está associado à toxicodependência e qual o grau de perigosidade dos indivíduos que neles se envolvem. Neste particular, a referência aos psicopatas, arquétipo dos criminosos mais perigosos, torna-se fundamental.
Deste modo, são apresentados resultados de investigações junto de reclusos portugueses do sexo masculino a quem foi administrada a versão portuguesa da Checklist de Psicopatia de Hare (PCL-R; Hare, 1991), e de uma amostra da heroinómanos em consulta num Centro de Atendimento a Toxicodependentes.
São evidenciadas as ligações entre consumo de drogas, grau de psicopatia e crimes cometidos, verificando-se serem os heroinómanos aqueles onde a incidência da psicopatia é menor. Implicações para programas de intervenção e tratamento penitenciário serão também referidas.
Palavras-chave: Toxicodependência; Psicopatia; Crime.
RÉSUMÉ
Le lieu entre usage de drogues et la pratique d'actes criminels est aujourd'hui bien connue. Néanmoins, il est important de savoir quel genre d'actes criminels est associé à la toxicomanie et quel est le degré de periculosité des sujets accusés d'actes criminels. En particulier, il est fondamental faire référence aux psychopats, qui sont l'archétype des criminels des plus dangereux. Ainsi, on présent les résultats de recherche d'un groupe des détenus portugais du sexe masculin, qui ont subi l'application de check-list (version portugaise) de Psychopathie de Hare (PCL - R.; Hare 1991), et d'un groupe d' héroïnomanes en consultation dans un Centre de Traitement pour toxicomanes (CAT). Sont mis en évidence les rapports entre usage de drogues, degré de psychopathie et actes criminels connuis on constate que chez les héroïnomanes l'incidence de la psychopathie est mineur. Sont aussi mentionnées les implications dans les programmes d'intervention et de traitement en prison.
Mots-clé: Toxicomanie; Psychopathie; Crime.
ABSTRACT
The relationship between drug abuse and criminal behaviour is well established, although it is necessary to precise which type of crimes are actually involved. Reference to psychopathy is also needed since psychopaths are, by far, the most violent and dangerous criminals. This study presents results from a comparison between scores of Hare's PCL-R obtained with five male samples.
Two of these included individuals who were in prison for crimes against persons or against property and who were also drug abusers. Another two groups did committ the same type of crimes but they were not drug abusers, and the final one was picked in a Center for Treatment for Drug Abusers. Subjects in this last sample had no criminal problems, past or present. Results showed, among other aspects, that psychopathy is most frequent in samples where criminal activities play the major role and only one psychopath was identified among the group of solely drug abusers. Although some methodological limitations were identified theorethical and pratical implications for treatment were discussed.
Keywords: Drug addiction; Psychopathy; Crime.
2002_03_TXT3.pdf